Road Safety Measures typically fall into several categories:

1. Education and Awareness Campaigns

• Publicity and Awareness: Governments and NGOs regularly run campaigns through electronic media, print media, and social media to educate road users on safe practices, the consequences of unsafe driving, and specific risks like distracted driving or drunk driving.
   
• School and College Programs: Integrating road safety education into school curricula and conducting targeted campaigns for students at all levels.
   
• Driver Training and Licensing: Strengthening the system for driver training and licensing to improve competence and capability, including specific training for different types of vehicles and road conditions.
   
• Pedestrian Awareness: Educating pedestrians on safe crossing practices (stop, look left-right-left, use crosswalks), walking on sidewalks, and being visible, especially at night.

2. Safer Road Infrastructure (Engineering of Roads)

• Black Spot Rectification: Identifying and rectifying accident-prone spots (black spots) on national highways and other roads through re-engineering, improved signage, and other measures.
   
• Road Design: Integrating road safety into the planning and design stages of new roads, ensuring they accommodate all road users, including pedestrians, cyclists, and the physically challenged. This includes:
  • Traffic Calming Measures:
    • Speed Humps/Cushions/Tables: Raised areas of pavement to reduce vehicle speed.
    • Roundabouts/Traffic Circles: Designed to slow traffic and reduce severe intersection crashes.
    • Chicanes: Artificial turns in the road to reduce speeds.
    • Lane Narrowing/Chokers/Neckdowns: Physically reducing lane width to encourage slower speeds.
    • Raised Intersections and Crossings: Elevating the road surface at intersections and crosswalks to slow vehicles and improve pedestrian visibility.
    • Rumble Strips: Grooved sections of the road to alert drivers through sound and vibration.
       
  • Pedestrian Facilities:
    • Dedicated Footpaths/Sidewalks: Physically separated paths for pedestrians.
    • Clearly Marked Crosswalks: Visible crossings at intersections and mid-block.
    • Pedestrian Refuge Islands: Islands in the middle of wide roads to allow pedestrians to cross one direction of traffic at a time.
    • Curb Extensions (Bulb-outs): Extending sidewalks into the roadway to shorten crossing distances and improve visibility.
    • Signalized Crossings: Traffic signals that prioritize pedestrian crossing times.
       
• Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS): Utilizing technology for real-time traffic management, accident detection, and improved road user information.

3. Safer Vehicles (Engineering of Vehicles)

• Safety Features: Ensuring vehicles are designed and manufactured with essential safety features (e.g., airbags, anti-lock braking systems, electronic stability control, seatbelt reminders).
   
• Regular Vehicle Maintenance: Promoting and enforcing regular vehicle inspections and maintenance to ensure brakes, tires, lights, and other critical components are in good working condition.
   
• Child Restraint Systems: Promoting the use of child seats and appropriate restraints for children.

4. Enforcement of Safety Laws

• Strict Penalties: Implementing and enforcing strict penalties for traffic rule violations (e.g., speeding, drunk driving, distracted driving, not wearing seatbelts/helmets).
   
• Technology for Enforcement: Utilizing speed cameras, red-light cameras, and other technological solutions for automated enforcement.
   
• Highway Patrolling: Increasing and strengthening highway patrols to ensure compliance with traffic laws.
   
• Protection of Good Samaritans: Implementing laws and guidelines to protect individuals who assist accident victims.

5. Emergency Care

• Golden Hour Treatment: Ensuring cashless treatment for accident victims during the "golden hour" (the critical first hour after an accident) to maximize chances of survival and recovery.
   
• Ambulance Services: Providing well-equipped ambulances at regular intervals along highways and ensuring timely response to accident sites.
   
• Trauma Care Facilities: Strengthening emergency medical services and trauma care facilities.

By combining these diverse measures, countries and communities aim to create a comprehensive road safety ecosystem that protects all road users and significantly reduces the incidence and severity of road accidents.