Here's a breakdown of the key parking rules and regulations in India:

General Prohibitions & Best Practices:

• No Obstruction or Danger: You cannot abandon or park your vehicle in a public place if it causes obstruction, inconvenience, or danger to other road users. This is a fundamental principle.
   
• Follow Signs and Markings: Always park according to road signs or markings that indicate how and where to park.
   
• No Parking Zones: Do not park in areas explicitly designated as "no parking zones" or where parking is prohibited.
   
• Footpaths/Pavements: Parking on footpaths or too far away from them is generally illegal.
   
• Private Property: You cannot park on private property without the owner's consent.
   
• Main Roads/High-Speed Traffic: Avoid parking on main roads or roads with high-speed traffic.
   
• Wrong Side of the Road: Parking on the wrong side of the road is prohibited.
   
• Unbroken White Lines: Do not park on roads with continuous white lines in the center.
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• Entrances/Exits: Do not park in front of the entrance of any premises, gates, or obstructing access to buildings.
   
• Restricted Areas: Avoid parking near:
  • Bus stops
  • Schools or hospital entrances
  • Road crossings, bends, the top of a hill, or near/on a bridge
  • Traffic signals or pedestrian crossings (zebra crossings)
  • Any road signs that could be obstructed by your vehicle.
     
• Night Parking: If parking in a dark or unlit area at night, ensure your parking lights are on.
   
• Abandoned Vehicles: Vehicles abandoned or left unattended in a public place for more than 10 hours, or parked where legally prohibited, can be towed or clamped by authorities. The owner is liable for towing costs and penalties.

Specific Regulations and Considerations:

• Residential Areas (Housing Societies):
  • Designated Spots: Many housing societies have designated parking spots, and residents must stick to their assigned spaces.
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  • Types of Parking: Societies typically offer open, covered, and stilt parking.
     
  • Visitor Parking: Separate areas are usually allocated for visitor parking to prevent congestion.
     
  • Multiple Vehicles: Policies for households with multiple vehicles vary, often requiring additional charges for extra spots.
     
  • First-come, First-serve: Open parking may operate on a first-come, first-serve basis if specific spots aren't allocated.
     
  • Stickers/Permits: Many societies require parking stickers or ID cards for registered vehicles.
     
  • Commercial Vehicles: Parking of commercial vehicles (trucks, vans, rickshaws) inside residential complexes is usually restricted.
     
  • RERA and Supreme Court Rulings: The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act (RERA) and Supreme Court judgments consider open and stilt parking spaces as common areas that cannot be sold separately by developers. Covered garage spaces, however, can be sold independently.
     
  • RWA Role: Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs) play a significant role in managing parking allocations and resolving disputes. They can impose fines for violations.
     
• Parking Space Dimensions:
  • The Development Code by the Government of India provides guidelines for parking lot dimensions, often incorporated into local building bylaws.
     
  • Standard car parking space: Approximately 2.5 meters wide and 5 meters long.
     
  • Two-wheeler parking: Around 1.2 meters wide and 2.5 meters long.
     
  • Parallel parking: Typically 22 feet (6.7 meters) in length and 8.5 feet (2.6 meters) in width from the curb.
     
  • These regulations specify "Equivalent Car Spaces (ECS)" per 100 sq m of floor area, with different requirements for residential, commercial, and public facilities.

Fines and Penalties:

• Fines for parking violations vary significantly across Indian cities. Metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Bangalore, and Delhi NCR often have higher penalties.
   
• Common fines (though these can vary):
  • Parking in a no-parking zone or causing obstruction: Fines can start from ₹100, but can go up to ₹500 or more for the first offense, and significantly higher for repeated violations (e.g., ₹1000-₹1500).
     
  • Towing Charges: If your vehicle is towed, you will incur additional towing charges, which can range from ₹200 to ₹2000 depending on the vehicle type.
     
• Impact on Car Insurance: Repeated parking violations can also affect your car insurance premiums, as insurers factor in your driving record.

Enforcement:

• Traffic police and local municipal authorities are responsible for enforcing parking rules.
• Enforcement can be challenging due to a lack of resources and technology in many cities.
• Stricter rules and increased fines are being implemented in various cities to deter illegal parking.

It's crucial for vehicle owners in India to be aware of and adhere to these parking rules to avoid penalties, ensure road safety, and contribute to smoother traffic flow. Always look for designated parking areas and pay attention to local signage.